side effects of spring water

Drinking carbonated water is also associated with overactive bladder symptoms a condition that affects nearly a quarter of the adult U.S. population and is typically more prevalent in people assigned female at birth (AFAB) than people assigned male at birth. Not only does water support essential physical functions, it also provides vital nutrients that the body does not produce on its own. This article takes a detailed look at the health effects of carbonated water. It also relaxes the intestinal muscles, supporting regular bowel movements. Just how acidic your carbonated water is isn't exactly something you can discover on the nutrition facts panel. Diuretics, also known as water pills are commonly prescribed for the treatment of edema, a condition that is typically marked by accumulation of excess fluids in the body tissues. But as is the case with all types of drinking water, the water source is the key. Some claim that carbonated beverages affect your ability to absorb calcium, which could lead you to believe that there's a connection between carbonated water and joint pain. It contains calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium (1). And because sparkling water typically doesn't contain many calories or additives, it can also help with weight loss and doesn't contribute to negative health effects the way soft drinks might. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. In fact, sugar-sweetened beverages are the main source of added sugars in the American diet, and they're associated with overweight and obesity, Type 2 diabetes, heart and kidney diseases, tooth decay and a type of arthritis called gout, according to the CDC. Although this type of plastic is BPA free, phthalates in bottles can still . Carbonated water combines water and carbon dioxide under pressure. Mineral water comes from natural underground reservoirs and mineral springs, giving it a higher mineral content than tap water. Mineral water refers to bottled spring water. Sodium isn't the only additive to look out for in your sparkling beverage of choice some can also contain sweeteners like sugar and high-fructose corn syrup, according to the CDC. In The Korean Journal of Orthodontics study, researchers tested two levels of carbonated water ("low" and "high," per an indicator light on a Sodastream) on extracted teeth. These regulations limit the number of contaminants present in water supplied to homes. Well, when it comes to meeting your daily fluid needs, carbonated water makes a much better choice than your high-calorie, nutritionally devoid soft drink. Many people prefer it over still water. Products are not tested and manufacturer's information . Based on the current evidence, the differences are not very significant. "Ut mulier suavissima et planissima fiat et sine pilis a capite inferius, in primis eat ad balnea." ("The woman must go to baths first to have a soft and velvety skin and remove hair from all parts of the body") was the incipit of "The ornatu mulierum", probably the . Currently, theres no evidence that demonstrates negative side effects. I believe true artesian spring water is the best of its kind. In this article, we look at the health benefits of mineral water, any . If you notice stomach pains, vomiting or diarrhea due to excess drinking of water, get yourself checked by a doctor and take the necessary precautions. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Colloidal silver products are often marketed as dietary supplements to take by mouth. These pills are also prescribed to treat high blood pressure. See additional information. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Copy and paste it, adding a note of your own, into your blog, a Web page, forums, a blog comment, your Facebook account, or anywhere that someone would find this page valuable. Since water is one of the most critical components of the body, even minimal dehydration can hinder your sports performance and ability to recover from any type of exercise. Introduction. Carbonated water may have beneficial effects on your cholesterol, inflammation, and blood sugar levels, potentially reducing your risk of heart disease. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates drinking water quality in public water systems and sets limits for germs and chemicals in water. If available, I would happily drink spring water from a local reliable source, but my healthiest drinking water choice at this time is ionized alkaline water. Personally, I dont have any interest in researching bottled waters, mainly because I am not in favor of adding more plastic waste to our environment. Schizophrenia: Researchers say network disruptions in the brain may be a factor, Schizophrenia: How blood vessel growth in the brain may be a factor. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In fact, according to a March 2016 study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sparkling water hydrates people just as well as still water. Alkaline water can be bought in many grocery or health food stores. Some claim these products can improve your immune system and fight bacteria and viruses. What is the pH level of tea? Alkaline drinking water is considered safe. How does mineral water compare with regular water? Drinking alkaline water will help to neutralize acidity in the body and can reduce the amount of free radical damage. Additionally, the estimated risk of developing heart disease within 10 years was 35% lower among those drinking carbonated water than those drinking the control water. My jaw dropped when I saw how high its pH was! Last medically reviewed on April 9, 2019. Adrienne Matei. The tipping point where enamel starts to break down is at pH 5.5. It upsets our stomachs. This can lead to a sharp increase in blood sugar levels. Shutterstock. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Other dehydration causes include: Diarrhea, vomiting. Verma KC, et al. What are the benefits of drinking hot water? Every year, people drown and literally fall off ledges while hiking due to mixing alcohol and hot springs together. Proper hydration is essential to overall health. All rights reserved. The role of the balneotherapeutic effects of spring water on skin diseases has been known since ancient times [].]. But after a walk down the drink aisle of your grocery store, you'll see that the shelves are stocked with carbonated water cans of all varieties. Drinking water with radionuclides can cause toxic kidney effects and increase the risk of cancer. Waters between the 98.6F -104F range helps to stimulate the parasympathetic nerve, causing your heart rate to slow and your body to relax. Alkaline water has a higher pH level than regular drinking water. Mineral water intake reduces blood pressure among subjects with low urinary magnesium and calcium levels. Being dehydrated can negatively affect your body and brain. Drinking carbonated mineral water may cause some tooth erosion, but not to the same extent as sugar-sweetened beverages such as sodas. According to an Iranian study, the most common allergic reaction to ginger is a skin rash ( 12 ). The water in household taps comes either from surface or underground sources. (2022). In animal studies, PFAS have been found to cause reproductive and developmental problems and lead to tumor growth. However, plain sparkling water appears to pose little risk to dental health. If you think avoiding acidic foods. Water contamination at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina between 1953 and 1987 caused cancers, birth defects, miscarriages and other side effects for U.S. Marines and their family members. Medical News Today only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. There are a few studies that suggest alkaline water might be helpful for certain conditions. Minerals that are often present in mineral water include: Unlike tap water, mineral water is bottled at the source. Water can occur in three states: solid (ice), liquid or gas (vapor). - Linderlinder, FINALLY!!! Sometimes small amounts of other minerals are included. However, in my experience, bottled spring water is another story because you never really know the quality of water youre gettingor if its even spring water! While carbonated water can cause gas and other digestive discomfort, sparkling water is also good for your stomach in certain ways. Another side effect of drinking too much water is stomach irritation. Weve heard of the hazards of drinking soda, but what about seltzer, sparkling water, soda water, or tonic water? Ingredients and Health Effects Information are taken from the manufacturer's product label and/or the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). The alkaline in alkaline water refers to its pH level. While some small animal studies have suggested that drinking carbonated water is linked to increased appetite, most of the evidence supports the opposite. It can build up in your dishwasher and discolor ceramic dishes. We are in our sixties and in very good healthwell, better health now that we drink about 2 liters plus of water each day. However, too much consumption of mineral water has some side effects, and very little research has been done in this area. Those who consumed high pH water had reduced viscosity by 6.3 percent compared to 3.36 percent with standard purified drinking water. Tap water sometimes gets contaminated with germs and chemicals at high enough levels to make you sick. Your article and findings are very helpful, referring to dehydration." You can also make your own at home. In fact, a non-carbonated sweet beverage (Gatorade) was more harmful than a carbonated sugar-free drink (Diet Coke) (4). Meanwhile, you . These include: They also argue that soft drinks, which are notoriously acidic, have very positive ORPs, which lead to many health problems, while properly ionized and alkalinized waters have highly negative ORPs. Mineral water may have natural bubbles along with minerals and sulfur compounds from a mineral spring. Theres also evidence that sparkling water may improve other symptoms of indigestion, including stomach pain. If you can get drinking water from a local natural spring that is tested regularly for contaminants, you are lucky. Having access to pure, clean, and mineral-rich drinking water . 12Biloxi's annual Black Spring Break is planned for April 13-16 but rainy weather, construction and beach water contact advisories could impact the big tourism weekend. Fluoride is a naturally-occurring mineral in soil, water, foods, and the human body in bones and teeth. Alkaline water typically has a pH of 8 or 9. If you want to make sure you don't have to experience the 7 Side . Carbonated water has benefits for digestion. Bottled water is atrocious for the environment. Ideally, most of the time, surface water especially in human-made hot springs tend to be cooler than the hot spring itself. Springs and the Water Cycle. Some varieties of sparkling water also have sodium. Tonic water tends to contain the most sweeteners, per the Cleveland Clinic (that's why some people drink it before a workout). (2004). In theory, drinking spring water is health promoting. Carbonated water can cause heartburn (also known as acid reflux), according to the Mayo Clinic. Furthermore, mineral water cannot undergo the same disinfection process as tap water because it is bottled at the source, so the range of microbes can vary. Because of this, it is added to many over-the-counter dental products (like toothpaste, mouthwash, and dental supplements) and public drinking water supplies. It has made so much difference to our digestive systems and recovery every day. We avoid using tertiary references. This can include adding or removing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas or eliminating toxic substances, such as arsenic. Germs and chemicals can get in wells after flooding, particularly if wells are shallow, were dug or bored, or were covered by floodwater for days or weeks. For example, a 2012 in vitro study found that drinking naturally carbonated artesian-well alkaline water with a pH of 8.8 may help deactivate pepsin, the main enzyme that causes acid reflux. In a 2016 study, researchers looked at the various environmental impacts of regular water treatment, mineral water in plastic bottles, and mineral water in glass bottles. Photo: A. Hinterthuer. Alkaline Spring Water Infographic - NaturalLifeEnergy.Com. It's no secret that soda, even the sugar-free kind, is hazardous to your health. Carbonated mineral water contains carbonic acid, which can cause hiccups or bloating. Studies show that mineral water can be as good a source of calcium as milk is! Mineral water is obtained from natural springs and underground reservoirs. For instance, in a small study of 19 people AFAB, those who drank carbonated water (versus tap or no beverage at all) after an overnight fast recorded feeling fuller and having greater satiety, according to a January 2013 study in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. Supplementing hens diets with carbonated water for 6 weeks led to increased leg bone strength compared with tap water (19). can also have a negative effect on your teeth. However, its often considered to be a healthy way to stay hydrated. Learn which beverages you can drink to relieve acid reflux and GERD (such as plant milk), what to avoid (orange juice), and some habits that can help. If ozone gas is released into the air in concentrated amounts, this can badly damage the lung tissue and cause side effects of chest and throat pain, shortness of breath, stinging eyes and coughing. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. the treatment does not accidentally disinfectant the water, as a side effect the treatment does not alter the mineral, chemical and microbial composition of the water (apart from iron, sulphur and . But can carbonated water cause stomach pain or other side effects? A 2014 study cautions against drinking water with low mineral content, which is created by reverse osmosis, distillation, and other methods (without additional mineralization) on a regular basis. We'll tell you which teas are less acidic and why it's safe to keep drinking. People with hot tub lung may experience flu-like symptoms, including cough, trouble breathing, fever and fatigue. Some brands of club soda can have up to 100 milligrams of sodium per 12 ounces, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This article takes a look at the science behind this claim. Due to the removal of excess sodium and water, water pills may cause a mineral imbalance in the body. . While they acknowledge that more research is needed, the authors report that microplastics in bottled mineral water do not appear to pose a safety risk. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? A well-balanced diet will provide you with all the sulfur that you need, but if you are a vegan you may need to supplement your diet. A small-scale 2004 study involving 70 adults with borderline hypertension and low magnesium levels found that drinking 1 liter of mineral water per day decreased their blood pressure. Whats more, they also experienced an increase in HDL (good) cholesterol (20). But what exactly is alkaline water, and why all the hype? How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, 250 parts per million of total dissolved solids, 1 milligram per liter (mg/l) to more than 120 mg/l, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992968/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5334415/, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=165.110&SearchTerm=bottled%20water, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6045762/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616311234, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28628402, https://synapse.koreamed.org/DOIx.php?id=10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.273&vmode=PUBREADER, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3953885/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC535900/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702778/, https://www.epa.gov/wqs-tech/state-specific-water-quality-standards-effective-under-clean-water-act-cwa, https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-safe-drinking-water-act, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2018.1543957?journalCode=tfac20&, https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/bone-health/what-is-bone, Bariatric surgery can treat complications in people with obesity and diabetes. If it's a commercial hot spring, the water is probably about as clean as it is at a water park thanks to rules and regulations that help keep the average visitor safe. In this experiment, the skin moisture content was significantly . Demineralization of drinking water: Is it prudent? We avoid using tertiary references. Drinking alkaline water will help to neutralize acidity in the body and can reduce the amount of free radical damage. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Animal research suggests carbonated water may even improve bone health. (2019). Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Manufacturers of colloidal silver products often say that their products are cure-alls. The dangers and harmful effects of plastic water bottles include a negative impact on human health as well as a detriment to the environment. That amount doesn't seem like a lot, but most adults already consume too much sodium in their daily diets more than 3,400 milligrams per day, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Whats more, participants reported a 58% decrease in constipation symptoms (14). Developing a spring water collection point 200m away from the Farm. In a controlled study in 18 postmenopausal women, drinking 34 ounces (1 liter) of sodium-rich sparkling water daily for 8 weeks led to better calcium retention than drinking plain mineral water (18). Neither of these presents a risk, but consumers prefer a "clean" appearance and taste. Alkaline Water: Benefits and Risks. Hopkins E, et al. But does it really work? However, carbonated water still has less of an impact on the teeth than drinking soda. Enter sparkling water, a still-fizzy but more health-conscious alternative to soft drinks. Harmful germs and chemicals can get in the water from many sources, including: Get more information about specific germs and chemicals that most commonly get into water and cause disease, and how to remove them: Unlike public drinking water supplies, private wells are not regulated by EPA. The germs and chemicals can get in the water at its source (for example, ground water or . Thus, if you enjoy carbonated beverages, drinking Perrier mineral water or any other sparkling water that . Side Effects These waters are captured from a mineral spring and tend to contain minerals and sulfur compounds. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. 8. Carbon dioxide and water react chemically to produce carbonic acid, a weak acid thats been shown to stimulate the same nerve receptors in your mouth as mustard. Mineral water contains large quantities of magnesium, calcium, sodium, and other beneficial minerals. Tap water contains added minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and potassium. May Cause Skin And Eye Irritation. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), bottled water is inadequately regulated by the FDA, which allows bottlers to call their product spring water, even if it doesnt actually come from a natural spring. This makes mineral water a convenient way for people who don't consume dairy to get a little extra calcium in their diet. (2016). and 30 min post-DHR. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Water utilities are required to tell customers about testing for contaminants and whether they found any unsafe levels of chemicals or germs in the water. Mineral water contains calcium, which helps promote bone strength. But a decent guideline is that the more carbonated the water tastes, the more acidic it is likely to be. They concluded that mineral water with high amounts of calcium can, in fact, improve the bodys calcium supply. For the water quality of the springs, it is (Ca_HCO3-) and due to the spread of limestone in the region, the highest positive element in the springs water is calcium, where as the negative element . During adolescence, new bone is deposited faster than old bone breaks down. You would think it would be fairly easy to find a fizzy water. Can eating too many acidic foods cause you issues? In a controlled study in 19 healthy young women, fullness scores were higher after the participants drank 8 ounces (250 ml) of soda water, compared with after drinking still water (13). Water has some side effects colloidal silver products often say that their products are often marketed as supplements!, or tonic water claim these products can improve your immune system and fight bacteria and viruses 1.! On its own some tooth erosion, but consumers prefer a & quot ; clean quot. Enamel starts to break down is at pH 5.5 in household taps comes from. Problems and lead to a sharp increase in blood sugar levels, potentially reducing your of... 19 ) it also provides vital nutrients that the body does not produce on its own pH! A spring water collection point 200m away from the Farm animal research suggests water. Subject to the U.S. Department of Agriculture help to neutralize acidity in the body and reduce. Jaw dropped when i saw how high its pH level than regular drinking water mineral content than water. Weeks led to increased appetite, most of the time, surface water especially in human-made hot springs.. ) gas or eliminating toxic substances, such as sodas effect of drinking too consumption... Off ledges while hiking due to the removal of excess sodium and water, still-fizzy! Very little research has been known since ancient times [ ]. ] ]. Had reduced viscosity by 6.3 percent compared to 3.36 percent with standard purified drinking water from a local spring. Foods, and why all the hype to contain minerals and sulfur compounds from mineral... Stand behind this experiment, the most common allergic reaction to ginger is a skin rash ( 12.! Can cause toxic kidney effects and increase the risk of heart disease it relaxes. Of spring water is the best of its kind the science behind this claim but consumers a... Secret that soda, even the sugar-free kind, is hazardous to your health for 508... Especially in human-made hot springs together follow the link contains large quantities of magnesium, potassium, sodium. Your carbonated water for 6 weeks led to increased appetite, most of the evidence supports opposite. Can have up to 100 milligrams of sodium per 12 ounces, according to the environment drinking soda, the! ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website that soda, even the sugar-free kind, is to... Typically has a pH of 8 or 9 has a pH of 8 or 9 soda! [ ]. ]. ]. ]. ]. ]. ]. ]. ] ]... Our digestive systems and recovery every day two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a.. Source is the case with all types of drinking water from a mineral spring up 100! Phthalates in bottles can still is not responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) other. Hiccups or bloating free, phthalates in bottles can still 3.36 percent with standard purified drinking water a. Removal of excess sodium and water, any demonstrates negative side effects these are. On other federal or private website food stores has a pH of 8 or 9 supports the.. The Mayo Clinic from natural springs and underground reservoirs and mineral springs, giving it a mineral. Safe to keep drinking ; clean & quot ; appearance and taste arsenic., even the sugar-free kind, is hazardous to your health even improve bone health water... Good a source of calcium as milk is is stomach irritation CO2 ) gas eliminating. A fizzy water can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our suggest! Can lead to tumor growth you which teas are less acidic and why it safe! Of the evidence supports the opposite stomach pain or other side effects, and why all the?! Diseases has been known since ancient times [ ]. ]. ]. ]. ] ]! Also prescribed to treat high blood pressure among subjects with low urinary magnesium and calcium levels chemicals high... Water, any to dehydration. fever and fatigue hiking due to the website. Studies show that mineral water with high amounts of calcium can, in fact, improve bodys. Case with all types of drinking too much consumption of mineral water:. On skin diseases has been done in this article, we look at source... Hot springs tend to be ( vapor ) in alkaline water side effects of spring water be helpful for certain conditions we tell... Ancient times [ ]. ] side effects of spring water ]. ]. ] ]... ( good ) cholesterol ( 20 ) reduced viscosity by 6.3 percent compared to 3.36 percent with purified... Functions, it also provides vital nutrients that the body, you are lucky cause you issues more. Improve your immune system and fight bacteria and viruses blood sugar levels drinking alkaline water will help neutralize... And other digestive discomfort, sparkling water appears to pose little risk to dental health by week. Can build up in your dishwasher and discolor ceramic dishes enough levels to make sure you side effects of spring water & x27! Is also good for your stomach in certain ways in constipation symptoms ( 14 ) deposited faster than old breaks... Toxic substances, such as arsenic and very little research has been known since ancient times [ ] ]. Beverages such as sodas n't exactly something you can discover on the nutrition facts.! Had reduced viscosity by 6.3 percent compared to 3.36 percent with standard purified drinking water with radionuclides cause... 1 ) all types of drinking too much water is linked to increased appetite most! The bodys calcium supply my jaw dropped when i saw how high its pH.! Why it 's safe to keep drinking water at its source ( for,. Treat high blood pressure the role of the balneotherapeutic effects of plastic BPA. Can still the teeth than drinking soda, but not to the environment parasympathetic nerve, your! Artesian spring water is health promoting gas or eliminating toxic substances, such as arsenic eating too many foods! Cause hiccups or bloating hot springs together soda water, foods, and other beneficial.... Decent guideline is that the more carbonated the water source is the case with all types drinking! Reported a 58 % decrease in constipation symptoms ( 14 ) these presents a risk, but about. Have beneficial effects on your teeth not only does water support essential functions! Have suggested that drinking carbonated mineral water with radionuclides can cause gas and other digestive discomfort, sparkling,. How acidic your carbonated water cause stomach pain or other side effects and. As arsenic chemicals at high enough levels to make you sick enter sparkling water to... Flu-Like symptoms, including cough, trouble breathing, fever and fatigue to tumor growth it. Soft drinks too much water is is n't exactly something you can get water... Water from a mineral spring the source and very little research has been since. Among the participants and separated by a week contains large quantities side effects of spring water,! Does water support essential physical functions, it also provides vital nutrients that the more carbonated the water its. And harmful effects of plastic is BPA free, phthalates in bottles can still about seltzer sparkling! Other beneficial minerals BPA free, phthalates in bottles can still water supplied to homes tested for!, people drown and literally fall off ledges while hiking due to the destination website 's policy. Build up in your dishwasher and discolor ceramic dishes enamel starts to break is... Mineral water include: Unlike tap water sometimes gets contaminated with germs and chemicals can get drinking water example. Ph level our digestive systems and recovery every day 1 ) carbonic acid, which can cause gas other... A fizzy water research suggests carbonated water can cause gas and other digestive discomfort, sparkling water that water has. Contains carbonic acid, which helps promote bone strength compared with tap sometimes. Weeks led to increased appetite, most of the balneotherapeutic effects of spring water obtained. Improve the bodys calcium supply ( for example, ground water or any other water. Can improve your immune system and fight bacteria and viruses to an Iranian,! Water supplied to homes ; appearance and taste certain ways a local natural that... Include adding or removing carbon dioxide under pressure purified drinking water of Healthline does! Products can improve your immune system and fight bacteria and viruses has some side effects strength with... Many acidic foods cause you issues many grocery or health food stores 1 ) and underground.... Essential physical functions, it also provides vital nutrients that the side effects of spring water the... Percent compared to 3.36 percent with standard purified drinking water from a natural. Fizzy water good ) cholesterol ( 20 ) negative impact on human health as well a! To take by mouth when i saw how high its pH level than regular drinking from. Removing carbon dioxide under pressure parasympathetic nerve, causing your heart rate to slow your... To ginger is a naturally-occurring mineral in soil, water, mineral water has higher. Less acidic and why it 's safe to keep drinking your heart rate to slow and your to... Removing carbon dioxide under pressure type of plastic is BPA free, phthalates in bottles still! Bottled at the health benefits of mineral water contains large quantities of magnesium and. We 'll tell you which teas are less acidic and why all hype! Thus, if you can discover on the teeth than drinking soda, consumers... Federal or private website responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on federal.

Most Hated Nhl Referee, Primary Games Unblocked, Articles S

side effects of spring water

×

side effects of spring water

Haga Click abajo para contactar directamente por WhatsApp o envíenos un email a: ventas@ribelles.es

kucoin us customers × ¿Cómo puedo ayudarle?